Formosan Entomologist (2006) 26, 27-44
Chau-Chin Hung and Jenn-Sheng Hwang (2006)
[Survey of lepidopterous pests of litchi and longan in Taiwan]
Formosan Entomologist 26 (1), 27-44
Abstract: Lepidopterous pests of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) and longan (Dimocarpus longans Lour.) in Taiwan were surveyed by studying shoots, spikes of flowers, and fruits of litchi and longan, and were also detected using the sex pheromones of Cydia notanthes Meyrick and Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen). Results showed that 20 species of lepidopterous pests were collected from litchi shoots. Only 13 of them were indentified which included two species of the Gracillariidae, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley and C. litchiella Bradley; six species of the Tortricidae, Statherotis leucaspis Meyrick, Dudua aprobola Meyrick, Eboda celligera Meyrick, Adoxophyes privatana (Walker), Lobesia sp., and Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower); two species of the Pyralidae, Diaphania indica (Saunders) and Conogethes evaxalis (Walker); two species of the Noctuidae, Sympis rufibasis Guenée and Oxyodes scrobiculata (Fabricius); and one species of the Geometridae, Thalassodes immissarius Walker. Species of lepidopterous pests in litchi in central and southern Taiwan were similar, while species of the Larentiinae and S. rufibasis were collected from central and southern Taiwan, respectively. Five species of lepidopterous pests were collected from the spikes of flowers and fruits of litchi, and greater numbers of Conopomorpha sp. were found. There were nine species consistently collected from litchi shoots from 1992 to 1994 in Shetou Township, Changhua County. These species included Conopomorpha sp., S. leucaspis, E. celligera, D. aprobola, species of the Larentiinae, S. rufibasis, T. immissarius, and two unknown species. The survey density and frequency of collection of S. leucaspis were the highest among all species in litchi orchards from 1992 to 1994. The frequencies of collection of Conopomorpha sp. and T. immissarius were 21.4-51.7% and 21.4-58.6%, respectively. The lepidopterous pests collected from longan shoots were similar to those of litchi, including Conopomorpha sp., S. leucaspis, species of the Larentinae, and T. immissarius. Among species of the Gracillariidae on litchi and longan of Taiwan, the main species was C. sinensis collected from shoots, fruits of litchi and longan, and sex pheromone traps of using pheromones from C. cramerella. The number of C. litchiella collected was very small, coming only from the shoots of litchi and longan and the traps. Based on the results of those detected with the sex pheromone, the bagging method, and rearing with shoots of litchi, the carambola fruit borer, C. notanthes, infests litchi as well as carambola in Taiwan. Both C. notanthes and C. ombrodelta (Lower) produced similar levels of infestation on litchi, infesting the shoots and fruits. However the performances of both species reared on litchi shoots were worse than those reared on an artificial corn diet.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
(original language: Chinese)
Database assignments for author(s): Jenn-Sheng Hwang
Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
surveys/sampling/distribution
